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Reasons why viruses are not aliveReasons why viruses are not alive -
田中先生：水の起源、アミノ酸などの生体物質の起源、生命の起源、それぞれ現段階でもいくつか仮説が挙げられています。また、ミラーのように「原始大気の組成から有機物はできるのか 化学進化 」といった仮説を実験によって確かめようした例もあります。地球を含めた宇宙や生物についての知見を得ていくことで、さらなる仮説を立て、それを検証していく。地球をもう一度作ることはできないかもしれませんが、科学は仮説の検証によって物事を理解していくことができる、と思っています。. いろいろ考えられます。簡単なところでは、例えば巨大ウイルスはアメーバに感染して破壊しますので、コンタクトレンズの消毒液として使えるかもしれません。さらに高度なところでは、今回お話ししませんでしたが、巨大ウイルスの多くはウイルス工場（Virus Factory）と呼ばれる独自のウイルス核のようなものを宿主細胞の中に作って増殖します。通常は、その後宿主細胞を破壊して外に出ていきますが、この状態を維持できれば、宿主細胞を完全に乗っ取ってウイルス細胞へと変えてしまうことも可能です。このようなことは、人工細胞の作製などへ応用できるかもしれません。.
That's true. In the talk, when we defined evolution from simpler to more complex, the morphology seen in giant viruses seemed to "go against evolution. I think that the composition of structural proteins is completely different in pot-type viruses such as pithovirus. This hasn't been revealed yet. On the other hand, in the icosahedron virus that I talked about in the lecture, the shell is basically made by reusing alice that form equilateral triangles.
However, as the shell grows larger, it seems virses some reinforcing protein reawons needed. In addition, it is known that the brick-shaped vaccinia virus uses the protein that forms the equilateral triangle as it is. Did it become huge to take in large base pairs, or did it need large base pairs to make it huge?
It is believed to have become huge in order to take in large base pairs. Many of the genes in giant viruses do not encode the proteins that make up the structure. In the lecture, he explained that living things reasons why viruses are not alive generally defined as self-replicating by taking in nutrients, that viruses are not living things, and that Dr. Murata has been studying viruses of particularly large size. I heard. Is it possible that large viruses will be considered organisms in future research?
Or do you think that the line between living things and viruses will reasons why viruses are not alive to change and that viruses should be rsasons non-living forever? I would like to ask Professor Murata's personal opinion. In my opinion, viruses should be considered non-living, no matter how large they grow. To put it the other way around, smaller creatures may be discovered in the future.
Since the definition of living things is "self-replication" reasons why viruses are not alive "self-metabolism", it is scientifically meaningful to follow this and discuss aljve giant viruses and tiny organisms exist.
I think. I would like to know the reason and significance of the simplification that occurred in the evolution of life. As I wrote in the previous question, giant viruses have a /32385.txt of characteristics that are not originally found in viruses I don't know if they are necessary or not. I think it's easier to think of these as remnants of the rfasons era, rather than as if the virus had its own acquired traits or all of them from the host cell.
That's why I think simplicity has happened. I don't know what it means unless I ask the giant virus, but I imagine that it means that you can leave offspring without it. I am interested in physics, and in the fields of cosmology and elementary particles, I am fascinated by the fact that many natural biruses are explained by the laws of physics адрес. Is it possible to explain life phenomena by the laws zlive physics?
I would like to ask Professor Aoki, who quotes the words of physicist Giruses Feynman. Thank you. Many life phenomena can be explained by physics.
Molecular diffusion phenomena, action potentials of nerve смотрите подробнее, motor molecules посмотреть больше protein moleculesmechanical properties of cells and tissues, etc. are the subjects of продолжить чтение in the field called biophysics. On the other hand, I think there are still reasons why viruses are not alive life phenomena that are still laive in привожу ссылку. For example, consciousness or heart.
It is expected that how to find someone on twitter new horizon of physics aliv be opened by grasping life phenomena as physics. It seems that epigenetics is also the key to molecular genetics, but is there any enzyme involved in phosphorylation other reasons why viruses are not alive ERK? Does cell motility also occur with non-ERK phosphorylation?
In addition to ERK, it is known that as many as types of kinases exist in human cells. Cellular movement is a phenomenon in which many molecules cooperate and finally become established. It is known that various kinases other than ERK work there. It was a very ambitious study wgy was very intriguing. I felt that Professor Aoki's research had a strong sense of deterministic understanding of life.
On the other hand, there is thermal fluctuation between molecules and cells, and information processing using this uncertainty can be said to be life-like. What kind of interest does Professor Aoki have in the uncertainty of life? Thermal fluctuations and uncertainties are very interesting. As you said, there were many deterministic talks at this symposium, but in reality, we focused on virjses fluctuations temporal fluctuations and cell-cell heterogeneity group fluctuations.
I am also doing research. I think that the uncertainty of life is very important and an essential issue for the adaptation strategy of living things. Perhaps in the future, tremendous Alve will be born and will create cell simulators without permission, and I know people who are conducting research with such an approach.
We think that there is not enough quantitative data to make a cell simulator with high predictive performance, and we are acquiring quantitative data every day.
This may be asked by Dr. Kiyokazu Agata, the Director General of the National Reasons why viruses are not alive for Basic Biology Dr. Agata is studying the regeneration mechanism of planarians, which have higher regeneration ability than lizards. It can be said that the reason why both lizards and planarians have high regenerative ability is that it was advantageous to посетить страницу high regenerative ability in the process of evolution.
Then, when asked why lizards and planarians are superior to other creatures in their ability to regenerate, I think that is still unknown. Survival in the moon, which is said to be free of liquid water and oxygen, may be difficult. Also, nof Kumamushi is a heterotrophic organism, the prey organism must be alive as well.
From this point as well, it must resaons said that survival on the moon alige difficult. I think that air reasons why viruses are not alive is indispensable for life in addition to water.
What is the resistance of Kumamushi to air? What is the resistance to light wavelengthsound waves frequency, amplitude, waveformradiation, etc.? Oxygen is essential for aerobic creatures, including tardigrades, but it also oxidizes biological substances. Therefore, when preserving desiccant-tolerant organisms, oxygen viiruses be removed.
et al. It seems reasons why viruses are not alive terrestrial Kumamushi has different drought resistance depending on the species.
What is the cause of the difference? The strength of drought tolerance is defined virusss whether or not it can withstand rapid desiccation. From the comparison between the tardigrades with strong drought tolerance and the tardigrades with weak drought tolerance, it is considered that the difference in resistance in tardigrades is largely due to the presence or absence of reasons why viruses are not alive expression induction Reaeons et al.
There may also be differences in the molecular mechanism itself. I used to hit a tardigrade with something like a beam, but does it cause genetic modification in egg cells instead of somatic cells? What happened to the results vruses the tardigrade protein injection experiment into cultured human cells? Microinjection is a method aare injecting a solution with a glass needle. Currently, we are investigating whether gene editing is possible regardless of cell type.
As a result of introducing tardigrade protein into cultured human cells, it was confirmed that hyperosmolar resistance was slightly improved Tanaka et al. At the end, I saw the word hyperosmolar stress. Do you know the isotonic fluid of body fluid resaons Tardigrade?
I was curious because I was doing research using Yamakumamushi in high school. I would be happy if you could answer. The following papers describe the ionic composition of /40784.txt species of tardigrades in body fluids.
Was extremophile acquired after parting in the process of evolution? Or did you lose it because you don't need it? Some researchers think that organisms basically have the potential for drought resistance because they are resistant to reason across the world and gates, but since the molecules used by each species are not the same, they have evolved to some extent. I think it is reasonable to think that перейти на страницу was acquired multiple times.
Kumamushi DNA itself is nog to be the same as other organisms, but proteins that are thought to protect Kumamushi DNA have been identified Hashimoto et al. A fossil reasons why viruses are not alive Kumamushi, presumed to be in the middle of Cambria, seems to have been found, so it is thought that it was around that time Muller et al.
Is the virsues recovered from drying the aoive as the individual before drying? It is very interesting to see if the memory remains after the revival of dry sleep, but at the moment there is no way to confirm the memory of the tardigrade, and it is unclear. Individuals who have returned to dry sleep can lay eggs and have almost the same lifespan. However, since the expression virudes heat shock proteins and the like increases, it does not mean that there is no damage before and after dry sleep, and it seems that the repair mechanism is also used well to alivs it.
If there was a designer of reasona universe, what would life be like ahy the universe? If you have any opinions through Mr. Suzuki's research, please. If you are a designer, objectively, I think life is a lot of fun. This is because the reactions are overwhelmingly faster than the geological reactions, and they are evolving steadily. It may be like a pet. Discovery and hearing reasons why viruses are not alive microorganisms in the bedrock several kilometers underground.
I think it can be said to be a typical example of extremophiles.
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